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} |} |} The Munich–Rosenheim railway is a 65 kilometre-long double-track main line of the German railways. It connects Munich Central Station with Rosenheim station, where it connects with the Rosenheim–Salzburg railway, which connects with the line to Vienna at Salzburg, and the line to Kufstein, which continues to Innsbruck and the Brenner line to Italy. The line is part of the Magistrale for Europe, connecting Paris with Bratislava and Budapest and the almost identical line 17 of Trans-European Transport Networks (TEN-T). It is part of the line 1 of TEN-T. It is electrified at 15 kV, 16.7 Hz. It was opened between Munich and Rosenheim in 1871. ==History== Already in the 1860s, it was clear that the Mangfall Valley Railway ((ドイツ語:Mangfalltalbahn)), which had been opened between 1854 and 1857, could no longer absorb the increase in traffic on the main lines towards Austria. Duplication of the Mangfall Valley Railway was not an option due to its twisty and hilly route. In addition, a new line via Grafing would be ten kilometres shorter than the Mangfall Valley Railway and it would also mean that locomotives would avoid wheel-slip because the slope was significantly more gradual. On 16 May 1868, it was decided to build a single-track line from Munich to Rosenheim via Grafing. The government of Bavaria provided four million guilders for the construction. The railway line was opened on 15 October 1871. All trains now used the line through Grafing instead of the Mangfall Valley Railway, shortening travel time considerably. As a result of the numerous services established on the line shortly after its opening, it became a major international route for European long distance services. It was decided to duplicate the line on 29 December 1891. At the same time additional tracks would be built in Munich East, Zorneding, Grafing, Ostermünchen and Rosenheim stations. Simple passing tracks were planned in Zorneding and Ostermünchen. The track layout would be rebuilt in Munich East, Grafing and Rosenheim. The duplication was started at the beginning of 1892. The second track between Munich East and München Trudering station was taken into operations on 1 October 1892. The second track was completed from Munich to Zorneding on 5 October. The second track was opened between Zorneding and Kirchseeon on 1 May 1893. The second track was opened between Kirchseeon and Aßling in 1 October 1893. Duplication of the last section from Aßling to Rosenheim was completed on 1 May 1894. The duplication cost a total of 2,778,400 marks, of which 92,300 marks was spent on the purchase of land. It cost 50,600 marks per kilometres. The traffic on the line continued to increase so that around 50 trains ran daily between Munich and Rosenheim. During the First World War, traffic on the line was severely limited. Many trains were cancelled due to the coal shortage. Slower military trains meant that travel time of trains had to be extended. In 1917, only two pairs of expresses ran on the line, the others were cancelled due to lack of personnel, rolling stock, locomotives and coal. It was not until the 1920s that the number of trains returned to the level achieved before the First World War. In 1921, an office for managing new construction was established by Deutsche Reichsbahn in Rosenheim for the electrification of the line from Munich to Rosenheim, Rosenheim to Kufstein and Rosenheim to Salzburg. The plans were delayed, however, due to the poor finances of Deutsche Reichsbahn. In 1925, electrification began on the lines from Munich to Rosenheim and from Rosenheim to Salzburg. The construction work was very slow due to lack of money. The line from Munich-Rosenheim was finally operable by electric trains from 12 April 1927. 20 express trains, 12 semi-fast (Eilzug) and stopping trains and 22 freight trains ran on the line in 1927. The section from Munich to Grafing was also served by 28 local passenger trains daily. In Rosenheim an electrical sub-station was completed in 1928 to supply the increasing need for power for the electric locomotives. In World War II, passenger services were again greatly reduced. The line was used for many military transports towards Eastern Europe and a delousing and "rehabilitation" facility was built in Rosenheim. After the end of World War II, the track had to be rebuilt quickly as an important supply line. The first train ran on 18 May 1945 for the United States Army. On 16 July 1945, a railway crash occurred at Aßling due to an error by a dispatcher in which a freight train carrying American tanks ran into a broken down passenger train carrying German prisoners of war and between 102 and 110 people were killed. In the early 1950s, passenger traffic increased strongly and the line became an important link for migrant workers from Eastern Europe in the late 1950s. In 1991, regular interval services were introduced so that commuter trains ran hourly between Munich and Salzburg. Long-distance trains run every hour alternately towards Salzburg and Kufstein. Since 1972, the section from Munich East to Grafing station of S-Bahn line 4 of the Munich S-Bahn operated. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Munich–Rosenheim railway」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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